Pore architectures and oil absorption behavior of porous mullite beads fabricated via dripping-ice templating

Porous mullite beads with a good spherical shape and a uniform size distribution of about 1.2 mm were fabricated by ice-templating in combination with dripping methods. These internal pore structures exhibited a radially oriented laminar channel from the center of the sphere to the surface. With the decreasing of freeze temperature to −196°C, the thickness of pore walls and the width of pore decreased. The mullite grain morphology in the pore wall was also influenced by the frozen temperature. High aspect ratio mullite grain was formed in the pore wall of beads frozen at −25°C, while low aspect ratio mullite whiskers constituted the pore wall of beads frozen at −196°C. In addition, the obtained porous mullite beads exhibited a good oil adsorption performance under capillary force for kerosene, edible oil, and motor oil with adsorption values of 3.37, 4.07, and 4.04 g/g, respectively.     

红砂岩粗粒土路基填料试验分析

本文对风干的红砂岩粗粒土及饱水红砂岩粗粒土路堤填料进行了CBR试验、耐崩解试验、压缩试验和剪切试验.试验结果说明水对红砂岩粗粒土的CBR值影响明显,但是其加州承载比均大于规范要求.红砂岩粗粒土适合作为高等级公路的路基填料,但是在实际工程应用时要注意水对红砂岩粗粒土软化的影响.     

煤矸石的强度特征试验研究

通过中型三轴试验及现场大型直剪试验对煤矸石的强度特性进行了系统研究，得到了煤矸石强度包线的形式和参数以及煤矸石抗剪强度随粗颗粒（粒径D〉5．0mm）含量的变化规律，并对试验中最大主应力差及颗粒破碎量进行多元统计分析，得到围压、孔隙比及粗料含量的变化规律。     

多晶硅太阳电池光电转换效率模拟分析及验证

建立了一个可用于冶金法多晶硅太阳电池的一维模型,基于模型计算分析了晶粒尺寸和晶界复合速率对太阳电池光电转换效率的影响。在实验室实际制备了物理冶金法多晶硅电池,测试结果验证了仿真结果的有效性。研究结果表明,当晶粒尺寸大于5 mm时,电池的光电转换效率较高,在晶界复合速率较低的情况下,可以适当放宽对晶粒尺寸的要求。     

银铜合金再结晶过程组织性能演变研究

银铜合金广泛应用于电工行业,通过硬度检测、电阻率检测、扫描电镜观察,研究了Ag-10Cu在退火过程析出行为对合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,300~500℃退火阶段,合金中铜基体颗粒开始析出,材料硬度及电阻率随退火温度增加而减小;500~700℃退火阶段,合金再结晶过程基本结束,析出铜颗粒长大,并向晶界生长,材料电阻率随退火温度的增加而增加,硬度逐渐趋于平缓。     

Comparative studies of grain refinement of commercial purity Mg by CaO and Ca addition

ABSTRACT

The comparative studies of grain refinement of commercial purity Mg by CaO/Ca addition have been investigated by using TP-1 tests, optical microscope, XRD characterisation and TEM (STEM) observation along with EDX analysis. Experimental results showed that Ca/CaO addition significantly refines the grain structure of commercial purity Mg. Compared with Ca addition, CaO exhibits finer grain size and the average grain size remains invariable with further CaO addition. CaO addition is readily reduced to Ca by Mg melt and forms Mg₂Ca on the surface of MgO particles. First-principle calculations were used to understand the nucleation of Mg₂Ca layer by a coherent interface model calculating the work of adhesion and the interface energy between Mg₂Ca and α-Mg. The combination of experiments and calculations showed that the formation of Mg₂Ca layer on MgO facilitates the nucleation of α-Mg and then refines the grain structure by Ca or CaO addition.     

7075-TiB_2原位铝基复合材料的腐蚀性能

采用动电位极化试验研究了7075-TiB2铝基复合材料的腐蚀行为。结果表明,该复合材料的腐蚀率与TiB2颗粒的比例成对应关系,而这主要与由原位TiB2颗粒引起的位错密度的增加有关。选择性点蚀具有晶粒间非对称的特点,主要归因于由TiB2颗粒与铝基体的热膨胀系数错配所致的局部位错密度不同。晶间腐蚀易于发生于大角度晶界,而特殊晶界和小角度晶界则表现出耐腐蚀性。晶内TiB2颗粒及其与铝基体的界面均无腐蚀发生。沿晶TiB2颗粒与晶界交汇的界面受晶间腐蚀的影响。     

基于单颗磨粒切削的钛合金磨削过程仿真研究

采用有限元分析软件DEFORM的Johnson Cook材料模型,模拟了润滑涂层单颗磨粒磨削TC4合金的加工过程,对磨屑形成过程中磨削区温度、磨削力和切削变形区内应力的变化情况进行了有限元分析。结果表明:切削高温和高内应力主要集中在剪切变形区的刀尖位置;随着一个锯齿状磨屑节块的生长,温度降低、内应力减小。磨削力和磨削温度随磨屑的形成过程呈规律性变化:随着磨削进行,磨削力逐渐增大,磨削温度也相应升高;在锯齿状切屑完整形成时,磨削力最小、磨削温度最低。     

42CrMo钢加热时奥氏体晶粒长大演化规律

对42CrMo钢在不同加热温度(850~1150℃)和保温时间(0~1200 s)下的奥氏体晶粒长大规律进行了研究。采用金相定量法对加热后材料的奥氏体晶粒度进行测量,建立42CrMo钢加热时奥氏体晶粒长大演化模型。结果表明:奥氏体晶粒尺寸随加热温度升高呈指数关系长大,随保温时间的延长呈近似抛物线形式长大;利用基于唯象理论的Sellars模型,通过非线性回归方法建立42CrMo钢加热时奥氏体晶粒长大演化模型;将该模型导入有限元软件中预报42Cr Mo钢加热时奥氏体晶粒变化,预报结果与实验结果吻合,验证了该模型的正确性。     

显微组织对X70管线钢力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射技术和常规力学性能测试等手段研究了两种X70管线钢的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:管线钢的低温韧性不仅与其有效晶粒尺寸有关,而且还与其组织中的马奥岛和析出相有关;但是,与管线钢中大角度晶界所占的百分比没有直接的关系。有效晶粒尺寸越小,马奥岛和富钛氮化物数量越少、尺寸越小,管线钢的低温韧性就越好。富铌碳化物与高密度的位错和亚结构不仅能提高管线钢的屈服强度,而且还能增大其加工硬化速率,从而使其抗拉强度明显升高,屈强比减小。由此可见,通过显微组织的优化,可以得到高强度高韧性的管线钢。